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Objective:To investigate the relationship between the changes of default network topology properties of brain function and cognitive function in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods:A total of 31 patients with ESRD were enrolled in the Department of Nephrology, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020, and 18 healthy persons were included in the same period as the control group.The cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and trail making tests, and then the subjects were examined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). After preprocessing, the brain functional network was constructed and the topology properities of the network were calculated.The SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test, chi square test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data statistics. Results:(1) The score of MoCA in the ESRD group(23.37±1.77) was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(27.94±1.13)( t=9.537, P<0.001). (2) The levels of Eglobal, Elocal, Cp and Sigma in ESRD group ((0.129±0.025), (0.148±0.040), (0.188±0.046), (1.593±0.650)) were significantly lower than those in healthy control group ((0.160±0.040), (0.212±0.024), (0.276±0.049), (2.004±0.864))( t=3.591, 7.474, 7.058, 2.034, all P<0.05). The Lp value of the ESRD group (8.131±1.905) was significantly higher than that of the control group (6.777±2.150)( t=2.583, P< 0.05). The node efficiency values of bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, right hippocampus, left superior marginal gyrus, bilateral angular gyrus and bilateral cuneate anterior lobe in ESRD group ((0.133±0.071), (0.201±0.047), (0.211±0.106), (0.175±0.066), (0.276±0.113), (0.122±0.146), (0.042±0.075), (0.171±0.027), (0.154±0.078), (0.240±0.095), (0.161±0.056))were lower than those in the healthy control group((0.312±0.075), (0.289±0.091), (0.277±0.132), (0.284±0.053), (0.368±0.063), (0.231±0.227), (0.120±0.162), (0.296±0.064), (0.310±0.186), (0.318±0.066), (0.286±0.103))( t=2.107-9.436, all P<0.05). (3)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the node efficiency values of bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus and right hippocampus in ESRD group were positively correlated with the score of MoCA( r=0.36, 0.49, 0.53, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The topological structure of brain functional network is abnormal in ESRD patients, which can affect the cognitive function of patients.
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The responsive patterns of phytochrome gene family members to photoperiod and abiotic stresses were comparatively analyzed and the favorable natural variation sites of these genes were identified. This would help understand the mechanism of phytochrome gene family in photoperiod-regulated growth and development and abiotic stress response. In addition, it may facilitate the molecular marker assisted selection of key traits in foxtail millet. In this study, we used RT-PCR to clone three phytochrome genes SiPHYA, SiPHYB and SiPHYC from ultra-late maturity millet landrace variety 'Maosu'. After primary bioinformatics analysis, we studied the photoperiod control mode and the characteristics of these genes in responding to five abiotic stresses including polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought, natural drought, abscisic acid (ABA), high temperature and NaCl by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Finally, we detected the mutation sites of the three genes among 160 foxtail millet materials and performed haplotype analysis to determine the genes' functional effect. We found that the cloned cDNA sequences of gene SiPHYA, SiPHYB and SiPHYC were 3 981, 3 953 and 3 764 bp respectively, which contained complete coding regions. Gene SiPHYB and SiPHYC showed closer evolutionary relationship. Photoperiod regulated all of the three genes, but showed more profound effects on diurnal expression pattern of SiPHYB, SiPHYC than that of SiPHYA. Under short-day, when near heading, the expression levels of SiPHYA and SiPHYB were significantly lower than that under long-day, indicating their roles in suppressing heading of foxtail millet under long-day. SiPHYB and SiPHYC were responsive to PEG-simulated drought, natural drought, ABA and high temperature stresses together. SiPHYA and SiPHYB responded differently to salt stress, whereas SiPHYC did not respond to salt stress. Re-sequencing of 160 foxtail millet materials revealed that SiPHYB was highly conservative. Two missense mutations of SiPHYA, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 7 034 522C→T and SNP7 036 657G→C, led to delaying heading and increasing plant height. One missense mutation of SiPHYC, such as SNP5 414 823G→T, led to shortening heading under short-day and delaying heading under long-day, as well as increasing plant height and panicle length regardless of photo-thermal conditions. Photoperiod showed different regulatory effects on SiPHYA, SiPHYB and SiPHYC. SiPHYB and SiPHYC jointly responded to various abiotic stresses except for the salt stress. Compared with the reference genotype, mutation genotypes of SiPHYA and SiPHYC delayed heading and increased plant height and panicle length.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Photoperiod , Phytochrome/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Setaria Plant/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/geneticsABSTRACT
Aiming at the difference between the brain networks of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children in the task-executing state, this paper conducted a comparative study using the network features of the visual function area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 23 children with ADHD ［age: (8.27 ± 2.77) years］ and 23 normal children ［age: (8.70 ± 2.58) years］ were obtained by the visual capture paradigm when the subjects were performing the guessing task. First, fMRI data were used to build a visual area brain function network. Then, the visual area brain function network characteristic indicators including degree distribution, average shortest path, network density, aggregation coefficient, intermediary, etc. were obtained and compared with the traditional whole brain network. Finally, support vector machines (SVM) and other classifiers in the machine learning algorithm were used to classify the feature indicators to distinguish ADHD children from normal children. In this study, visual brain function network features were used for classification, with a classification accuracy of up to 96%. Compared with the traditional method of constructing a whole brain network, the accuracy was improved by about 10%. The test results show that the use of visual area brain function network analysis can better distinguish ADHD children from normal children. This method has certain help to distinguish the brain network between ADHD children and normal children, and is helpful for the auxiliary diagnosis of ADHD children.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Mapping , Cognition , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection factors and prognosis.Methods The clinical data of 403 patients with hydrocephalus shunts,including 64 cases of postoperative infection,were retrospectively analyzed.And the sex ratio,age level,differences in etiology and infection,and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed by logistic regression.Results There were 64 infection cases (15.9％),including 47 cases of meningitis (73.5％),10 cases of peritonitis (15.6 ％),and 7 cases of postoperative infection (10.9％).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,idio-hydrocephaly,apoplexy were not significantly correlated with hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection(P ＞0.05),while age,congenital hydrocephalus,intracranial neoplasms,infection time were correlated with hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection (P ＜ 0.05).Age was negatively correlated with GOS (r =-0.478,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Age,hydrocephalus etiology and infection time were the risk factors for infection.Age is a factor affect the prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the Reelin protein and schizophrenia .Methods 89 patients with schizophrenia were served as schizophrenic group and 89 healthy people as control group .Western blot was employed to detect their peripheral blood Reelin protein expression .Results The expression level of peripheral blood Reelin protein of patients in schizo-phrenic group(0 .66 ± 0 .27) was significantly lower than that in the control group(1 .01 ± 0 .23)(P0 .05) .Reelin protein expression levels of male and female subjects in the control group were 1 .01 ± 0 .25 and 1 .02 ± 0 .26 ,respectively ,with also no statistically significant difference (t=0 .201 ,P>0 .05) .Conclusion The low expression level of Reelin protein is related to schizophrenia .
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To investigate the N-glycosylation characteristics of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) produced by an industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that is currently used in a large scale manufacturing process, we cultured this cell strain in static mode. The produced rhEPO in the culture supernatant was analyzed using isoelectric focusing (IEF) and Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) lectin precipitation. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and sialidase activity in the serum-free supernatant were assayed as well. The analyses revealed that this cell strain could produce rhEPO with high sialic acid content, but during prolonged culture, cell viability decreased with time whilst the activity of sialidase present in the supernatant increased. The loss in rhEPO quality was due to a decrease in terminal sialic acid on the N-glycans, caused by sialidase degradation. The methods and findings in this paper serve as basis for further investigation of industrial production process.